Summary: Enteroadsorbents are substances that are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and have the ability to bind harmful substances present in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating their elimination from the body. They are used in the treatment of acute poisoning and gastrointestinal diseases. Many adsorbents are available, the oldest of which is activated charcoal, which has a strong, rapid, and non-selective effect. Activated charcoal can only be used shortly, in emergency cases, as it can bind not only harmful substances but also other compounds, including medications. Modern adsorbents should demonstrate selectivity, which allows their use in the treatment of chronic diseases as well, where the elimination of endotoxins, microorganisms, or biologically active compounds from the intestinal lumen is beneficial. An example of a selective adsorbent is polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate, which has been used both in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal diseases (such as e.g. infectious diarrhea) and chronic problems (such as e.g. irritable bowel syndrome). Enteroadsorbents have proven to be an effective and safe alternative to standard treatment, 48 2/2026 PEDIATRIA which is why new applications of their use in medicine, in therapy and prevention of diseases such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea food allergy or oncologic diseases, are being explored.