Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 10% of the population and associated with high mortality. Disease progression is assessed based on the rate of eGFR decline, and slowing this decline is the primary goal of nephroprotection. This article discusses contemporary non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods for protecting kidney function. Non-pharmacological interventions primarily include lifestyle modifications: regular physical activity, weight loss, reduced salt and protein intake, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, smoking cessation, and alcohol restriction. Moderate coffee consumption has also been shown to have a beneficial effect. Environmental factors, such as limiting exposure to air pollution, and treatment of co-occurring inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis, are also important. The mainstays of pharmacological treatment include renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (ACEi, ARB), SGLT-2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (especially finerenone), statins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and treatment of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate. Modern therapies, particularly SGLT-2 inhibitors and finerenone, demonstrate significant nephroprotective and cardioprotective effects. Effective nephroprotection should be comprehensive and implemented as early as possible to delay the progression of CKD and the need for renal replacement therapy.