Summary: Introduction Depressive-anxiety disorders (DAD) occur in 20–40% of people with intellectual disability (ID) and constitute a significant clinical problem. The clinical presentation differs from the typical presentation, which complicates diagnosis and treatment in primary care (PCC). Objective The aim of this article is to present proposals for the diagnosis and treatment of DDD in people with ID in general practice, based on the latest scientific findings. Methods A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Polish medical journals. International guidelines (NICE, APA) and available clinical trials were considered. Results Diagnosis requires the use of adapted tools (e.g., GDS-LD, ADAMS, Mini PAS-ADD) and active collaboration with caregivers. The best-documented form of psychotherapy is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), in versions adapted for people with ID. In pharmacological treatment, SSRIs (sertraline, escitalopram, fluoxetine) are the first-line medications. In refractory cases, SNRIs (duloxetine, venlafaxine) or mirtazapine are used. Key principles include: "start low, go slow", avoiding polypharmacy, and monitoring safety (particularly the risk of suicide, cardiovascular effects, and drug interactions). Conclusions The family physician plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of ED in individuals with ID. Combining psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and caregiver support yields the best clinical outcomes and improves patients quality of life.